The Battle of Shiting was a famous campaign in the Three Kingdoms period, and its victor was Cao Cao. How did the military strength of Cao Cao and Sun Quan's alliance compare in this battle? The following will explore this question from different perspectives.

First, historical records. According to historical books such as "Records of the Three Kingdoms," in the Battle of Shiting, Cao Cao had approximately 80,000 troops, while Sun Quan's alliance had approximately 50,000 troops. In this battle, Cao Cao adopted a strategy of splitting his troops and encircling the enemy, successfully defeating the alliance of Sun Quan and Liu Bei with his numerical advantage.

Second, archaeological discoveries. In recent years, archaeologists have conducted multiple excavations and studies on Shiting Mountain. They have discovered a large number of Han and Tang dynasty artifacts and sites, including city walls, palaces, temples, and other buildings. These artifacts and sites provide important evidence for understanding the military deployment and troop strength at that time. Through the study of these sites, archaeologists speculate that Cao Cao's troops may have been numerically stronger than Sun Quan's alliance.

Third, historical background. The Battle of Shiting occurred in the late Eastern Han dynasty, when China was in a state of war and conflicts and disputes among various forces were intense. Cao Cao, as the dominant force in the north at that time, possessed strong economic strength and military might. While Sun Quan's alliance was composed of various forces in the Jiangdong region and had certain numerical advantages, it was still inferior to Cao Cao's might. Therefore, in this battle, Cao Cao's numerical advantage was fully utilized.

In summary, Cao Cao had approximately 80,000 troops in the Battle of Shiting, while Sun Quan's alliance had approximately 50,000 troops. Although Sun Quan's alliance had its own advantages, it ultimately failed due to Cao Cao's strategic deployment and numerical superiority.

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