North Yuan, known as the term used by the Later Jin and early Qing dynasties to refer to Mongolia, was a political power established by the Mongolians in the grassland region after the fall of the Yuan dynasty. Although North Yuan did not achieve reunification of China again, it still had a certain influence in the grasslands. The following is a brief list of North Yuan emperors, showing the historical context of this grassland empire.
1. Dayan Khan (reigned from the third year of the Ming Dynasty's Zhengtong period to the eighth year of the Ming Dynasty's Tianshun period, i.e., 1438-1464): Dayan Khan was the son of Yesudieer, the Grand Marshal of North Yuan. During his reign, he strengthened the rule over various tribes in the grasslands and was considered the actual founder of North Yuan.
2. Mandulu (reigned from the eighth year of the Ming Dynasty's Tianshun period to the fifth year of the Ming Dynasty's Chenghua period, i.e., 1464-1469): Mandulu was the son of Dayan Khan. He inherited his father's throne but did not achieve significant accomplishments during his reign.
3. Borjigin Batu Mengke (reigned from the fifth year of the Ming Dynasty's Chenghua period to the fifth year of the Ming Dynasty's Zhengde period, i.e., 1469-1510): Batu Mengke was the son of Mandulu. During his reign, he strengthened confrontation with the Ming dynasty and attempted to restore the glory of the Yuan dynasty.
4. Dayan Khan III (reigned from the fifth year of the Ming Dynasty's Zhengde period to the 37th year of the Ming Dynasty's Jiajing period, i.e., 1510-1558): Dayan Khan III was the son of Batu Mengke. During his reign, North Yuan reached its heyday, controlling the entire Mongolian grassland.
5. Alatan Khan (reigned from the 37th year of the Ming Dynasty's Jiajing period to the first year of the Ming Dynasty's Wanli period, i.e., 1558-1573): Alatan Khan was the son of Dayan Khan III. During his reign, he maintained relatively peaceful relations with the Ming dynasty, but internal power struggles intensified.
6. Buqi Khan (reigned from the first year of the Ming Dynasty's Wanli period to the 44th year of the Ming Dynasty's Wanli period, i.e., 1573-1616): Buqi Khan was the son of Alatan Khan. During his reign, North Yuan gradually declined and was eventually destroyed by the Later Jin dynasty.
Conclusion: The list of North Yuan emperors showcases the rulers of this grassland regime and their reign periods. Although North Yuan failed to achieve reunification of China again, its existence in the grasslands remained significant. Through understanding the emperors of North Yuan, we can better comprehend the political landscape of the grassland during this historical period.
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