Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history, led a legendary life. Under her reign, the country enjoyed political stability and economic prosperity. However, in her later years, she chose Li Xian, a prince who was not highly regarded, as the crown prince. What were the reasons behind this choice? This article will explore this question from three perspectives: historical background, Li Xian's personal qualities, and Wu Zetian's political wisdom.

Firstly, the historical background played a crucial role. During Wu Zetian's reign, the country enjoyed political stability and economic prosperity. However, her rule also faced numerous challenges. Firstly, her throne was not orthodox, as she had usurped it through a coup, making her position unstable. Secondly, her family had weak influence and could not provide sufficient support. Therefore, choosing a suitable crown prince became a crucial means for her to consolidate her throne.

Secondly, Li Xian's personal qualities were remarkable. As the fourth son of Wu Zetian and Tang Gaozong Li Zhi, his mother was a palace maid, indicating his humble origins. Despite this, Li Xian possessed exceptional qualities. He was intelligent, diligent, and upright, earning Wu Zetian's deep affection. Additionally, he demonstrated strong political acumen and adaptability, securing a prominent position in Wu Zetian's heart.

Lastly, Wu Zetian's political wisdom was evident in her choice of Li Xian as the crown prince. Firstly, she recognized his personal qualities and deemed him a suitable heir to the throne. Secondly, by appointing Li Xian as the crown prince, she could weaken the influence of other princes, thereby strengthening her own position. Finally, by cultivating Li Xian's political abilities, she ensured a reliable successor for herself after abdication.

In conclusion, Wu Zetian's choice of Li Xian as the crown prince was based on both her recognition of his personal qualities and her consideration for the stability of her throne. This decision amply demonstrated her political wisdom and foresight. Although Li Xian ultimately did not become the emperor of the Tang dynasty, he played a crucial role in the political struggles of Wu Zetian's later years, marking a satisfactory conclusion to her reign.

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