The Ming Dynasty was a glorious era in Chinese history, as well as an era full of political struggles. During this era, the practice of "chui lian ting zheng" (the empress dowager listening to government affairs behind a curtain) was a controversial topic. So, which empress dowager in the Ming Dynasty was involved in this practice? This article will introduce you to it.

II. Background of "Chui Lian Ting Zheng"

During the Ming Dynasty, after the death of an emperor, the empress usually took over the affairs of the state as regent. However, if the empress did not have any children or was unable to take over the affairs of the state for other reasons, the empress dowager would take over the affairs of the state through the practice of "chui lian ting zheng". The empress dowager referred to the mother of the emperor or other mothers in the royal family.

III. Female Figures Involved in "Chui Lian Ting Zheng"

In the history of the Ming Dynasty, there were several female figures who had served as regent through the practice of "chui lian ting zheng". Among them, the most famous were Empress Dowager Ma, the mother of Emperor Chengzu Zhu Di, and Empress Dowager Yang, the mother of Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji. Both of these empress dowagers took over the affairs of the state after the death of their respective emperors and became figures involved in "chui lian ting zheng".

IV. Other Potential Figures for "Chui Lian Ting Zheng"

In addition to Empress Dowager Ma and Empress Dowager Yang, there were also other female figures who had the potential to become involved in "chui lian ting zheng". For example, Empress Dowager Xu, the mother of Emperor Yingzong, had once served as regent through this practice. Furthermore, there were also other concubines who might have had the opportunity to become involved in "chui lian ting zheng".

V. Conclusion

During the Ming Dynasty, the practice of "chui lian ting zheng" was a controversial topic. In history, many female figures had served as regent through this practice, with Empress Dowager Ma and Empress Dowager Yang being the most famous among them.

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