The Battle of Mancheng is an important battle in the ancient history of China. So, when did this battle occur? What was the final outcome? This article will take you to understand the background, process, and outcome of this battle.

I. Background of the Battle of Mancheng

The Battle of Mancheng occurred in 1234 AD, located in today's Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China. At that time, the war between the Jin Dynasty and the Mongolian Empire had entered a fierce stage. The Jin Dynasty was retreating and losing territory in the war, and people's livelihood was declining. On the other hand, the Mongolian Empire was at its peak, with its influence expanding continuously. Under these circumstances, the Mongolian Empire decided to launch the final attack on the Jin Dynasty to completely destroy its rule.

II. Process of the Battle of Mancheng

1. Attack of the Mongolian Empire

In early 1234 AD, the Mongolian Empire's army began to launch a comprehensive attack on the Jin Dynasty. The Mongolian army was divided into two routes, led by Kublai Khan and Ogodei, respectively. The eastern army moved south along the Liao River Valley, threatening the Jin Dynasty's capital Bianjing; while the western army crossed the desert and circled around to the northwest border of the Jin Dynasty. The two armies formed a pincer movement, attempting to annihilate the main force of the Jin Dynasty in one fell swoop.

2. Stubborn Resistance of the Jin Dynasty

Facing the fierce attack of the Mongolian Empire, Emperor Wanyan Shouxu of the Jin Dynasty decided to fight to the last breath. He gathered the country's elite troops to strengthen the defense of the capital Bianjing. At the same time, he also sought assistance from the Southern Song Dynasty, hoping to resist the invasion of the Mongolian Empire with its help. However, the Southern Song Dynasty did not provide substantial assistance to the Jin Dynasty, leaving it isolated and helpless on the battlefield.

3. Outbreak of the Battle of Mancheng

In the spring of 1234 AD, under the command of Kublai Khan, the eastern army of the Mongolian Empire captured the important city of Linhuangfu (today's Fuxin City, Liaoning Province) of the Jin Dynasty. Subsequently, the Mongolian army continued to advance southward, targeting the Jin Dynasty's capital Bianjing. At the same time, the western army led by Ogodei also achieved a series of important victories. Under such circumstances, the Mongolian army quickly approached the Jin Dynasty's capital Bianjing.

4. Outcome of the Battle of Mancheng

In May 1234 AD, a fierce battle broke out between the eastern army of the Mongolian Empire and the Jin Dynasty troops in Mancheng (today's Shenyang City, Liaoning Province). After several days of attack and defense battles, the Jin Dynasty troops were eventually defeated by the Mongolian army. The victory of this battle laid the foundation for the Mongolian Empire to capture the Jin Dynasty's capital Bianjing. In June of the same year, the Mongolian army broke through Bianjing, and the Jin Dynasty fell. From then on, the Mongolian Empire united the northern part of China, ushering in the history of the Yuan Dynasty.

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