Preparatory constitutionalism refers to a series of political, cultural, and educational reforms implemented during the late Qing Dynasty in China, aimed at promoting the process of modernization in China. Then, does preparatory constitutionalism belong to the New Policies of the Late Qing Dynasty? Let's explore this question. Firstly, it needs to be clarified that preparatory constitutionalism was a series of political and cultural reforms carried out in the late Qing Dynasty from 1895 to 1908. The New Policies of the Late Qing Dynasty, however, were implemented between 1901 and 1908, about five years later than preparatory constitutionalism. Therefore, from a chronological perspective, preparatory constitutionalism does not belong to the New Policies of the Late Qing Dynasty. Secondly, although both preparatory constitutionalism and the New Policies of the Late Qing Dynasty were a series of reforms implemented during the late Qing Dynasty, their contents and purposes differed. The primary goal of preparatory constitutionalism was to establish a political system with modern characteristics, including the establishment of a parliament and the election of a president. In contrast, the New Policies of the Late Qing Dynasty focused more on economic and cultural reforms, such as developing industries, building railways, and abolishing the imperial examination system. Hence, from a content perspective, preparatory constitutionalism does not belong to the New Policies of the Late Qing Dynasty. Finally, it should be noted that despite not belonging to the New Policies of the Late Qing Dynasty, preparatory constitutionalism had a certain impact on China's modernization process. The implementation of preparatory constitutionalism laid the foundation for the modernization of China's political system, promoting national development and prosperity. At the same time, preparatory constitutionalism also provided certain experiences and references for subsequent political system reforms in China. In conclusion, preparatory constitutionalism does not belong to the New Policies of the Late Qing Dynasty. Although its implementation preceded the New Policies of the Late Qing Dynasty, its content and purpose differed from those of the New Policies. Despite this, preparatory constitutionalism still had a certain impact on China's modernization process.

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