The Rouran was an ancient nomadic ethnic group, with a history dating back to the 3rd century AD. In the northern part of China at that time, the Rouran was a powerful nation with a territorial scope covering today's Mongolia, northeastern China, and the Far East of Russia. However, the name "Rouran" has always been controversial, with some calling them "Ruru" while others refer to them as "Rouran". So, why were the Rouran people called "Ruru"?

Firstly, we need to understand the origin of the term "Ruru". According to historians' research, this term first appeared in a historical book during the Northern Wei Dynasty, when the author referred to the Rouran as "Ruru". Over time, this term gradually gained acceptance and became a nickname for the Rouran people.

Secondly, we need to understand the meaning of the term "Ruru". It is believed that the term "Ruru" originally referred to a water-dwelling animal called a leech. Later, this term was used to describe the lifestyle and cultural characteristics of the Rouran people. The Rouran lived on the grasslands, primarily relying on animal husbandry for their livelihood. They were skilled in taming horses and camels, and also excelled in making leather and woolen products. These characteristics were somewhat similar to the habits of leeches, hence the nickname "Ruru".

In addition, some scholars believe that the term "Ruru" may have been a name chosen by the Rouran people themselves. In their language, "Ruru" could be a nickname or term of address, similar to terms like "fellow countryman" or "brother" in Chinese. Therefore, calling themselves "Ruru" was a form of self-identification and self-expression for the Rouran people.

In conclusion, the term "Ruru" is one of the nicknames for the Rouran people. It originated from their way of life and cultural characteristics and may also represent a form of self-identification and self-expression. Although the specific meaning of this term remains to be further studied and explored, it has become a symbolic icon for the Rouran people.

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