The Burning of Books and Burying of Scholars has always been a controversial event in ancient Chinese history. Many people have different opinions on who the protagonist of this event was and who committed the greater sin. This article will delve into this issue and reveal the historical truth.

Firstly, the protagonist of the Burning of Books and Burying of Scholars is traditionally believed to be Qin Shi Huang (Ying Zheng). According to historical records, in 213 BC, in order to strengthen centralization and unify thoughts and culture, Qin Shi Huang ordered the burning of all books except those related to practical subjects such as law, agriculture, and medicine, and executed more than 460 scholars who opposed this policy. However, in recent years, some scholars have argued that Xiang Yu may also have been one of the executors of the Burning of Books and Burying of Scholars.

Secondly, there are also differing opinions on who committed the greater sin. Some people believe that as the originator of the Burning of Books and Burying of Scholars, Qin Shi Huang's policy led to the loss of countless precious documents and knowledge, causing tremendous damage to Chinese culture. Therefore, his sin is greater.

Others argue that Xiang Yu slaughtered numerous members of the Qin royal family and civilians during the war, causing countless deaths and destruction. His actions not only exacerbated social unrest and people's suffering, but also plunged Chinese history into a decades-long period of war and chaos. Therefore, Xiang Yu's sin is greater.

In conclusion, while the protagonist of the Burning of Books and Burying of Scholars is primarily Qin Shi Huang (Ying Zheng), Xiang Yu may also have been one of the executors. As for who committed the greater sin, this involves evaluating and interpreting historical events. Different people may have different opinions. However, regardless of how we evaluate the sins of these historical figures, we should learn lessons from history, cherish peace and stability, respect knowledge and culture, and jointly create a better future.

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