In ancient China, the status and role of women varied significantly across different historical periods. Among them, the term "Ji" served as a female appellation, and its status differed from that of wives and concubines. This article aims to introduce the meaning of "Ji" in ancient China and explore its status relative to wives and concubines.

Firstly, it is essential to understand the origin and meaning of the character "Ji". In ancient Chinese characters, the character "Ji" first appeared in oracle bones inscriptions, originally referring to the name of a plant. However, over time, as society evolved, "Ji" gradually came to represent women, particularly aristocratic women. During the Zhou Dynasty, "Ji" became a surname for women of the royal family. For instance, the daughter of Jiang Taigong, wife of King Wu of Zhou, was known as "Yi Jiang," meaning "Lady of Ji."

In ancient China, women's status was influenced by family, society, and culture. In feudal society, men dominated, and women occupied a relatively lower position. Nevertheless, in certain periods and regions, women enjoyed a higher status, such as in the Tang Dynasty, where they could participate in political, cultural, and economic activities. As a female appellation, the status of "Ji" also differed depending on the era and region.

Within the family structure of ancient China, the marital system was strictly monogamous. However, in reality, the practice of taking concubines was common. In this context, there were distinct differences in status and rights between wives and concubines. As the female head of the household, the wife enjoyed a higher status and rights, including property inheritance and child custody. In contrast, concubines occupied a lower status and had limited rights, such as being excluded from sacrificial activities and not being able to dine with their husbands.

So, how was "Ji" positioned within the family structure of ancient China? Generally speaking, as a female appellation, "Ji" occupied a status somewhere between a wife and a concubine. In some cases, a "Ji" could be a favorite concubine of the husband, enjoying certain favors and privileges. However, in most instances, the status of "Ji" remained inferior to that of the wife, and their rights were restricted.

In conclusion, "Ji" was a female appellation in ancient China, and its status relative to wives and concubines varied depending on the era and region. In certain periods and regions, "Ji" enjoyed a higher status and privileges, while in others, their status was lower, and their rights were limited. Overall, the status of women in ancient China was influenced by family, society, and culture, exhibiting a complex diversity.

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