The Hundred Years' War between England and France was a protracted and intense conflict in medieval European history, lasting for an entire century from 1337 to 1453. During this war, France lost much of its territory for most of the time, yet ultimately emerged victorious. The reasons behind this reversal of fortune are worth exploring in depth.

Firstly, despite the loss of vast territories, France's national unity and sense of national identity gradually strengthened through the rigors of war. Faced with the overwhelming pressure from England, the French people became more united and resisted the foreign enemy together. This enhancement of national cohesion laid the foundation for France's ultimate victory.

Secondly, France gradually found effective strategies to counter England during the war. Initially, the French army was significantly disadvantaged in terms of tactics and strategy, but over time, it learned and borrowed war experiences from other countries, improving its own tactics and strategies. For example, France began to adopt more flexible guerrilla tactics, avoiding direct confrontations with the English army and instead weakening its strength through attrition and siege warfare.

Moreover, France received support from other countries during the war. As the war persisted, many European countries became aware of England's ambition towards the European continent and therefore supported France. This support not only provided France with economic and military assistance but also enabled it to better resist English aggression.

Lastly, France's victory was also attributed to the growth of its national strength. Despite the tremendous destruction caused by the war, the French government took a series of measures to restore and develop the economy during the war. These measures included improving agricultural production, developing handicrafts and commerce, and strengthening infrastructure construction. These efforts gradually restored France's vitality in the later stages of the war, providing the material foundation for the ultimate victory.

In summary, despite France's continuous territorial losses during the Hundred Years' War, it ultimately emerged victorious due to the enhancement of national cohesion, the improvement of tactics and strategies, the support of the international community, and the strengthening of national strength. This war not only changed France's destiny but also had a profound impact on the entire European history.

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