With the help of modern technology, we are accustomed to using satellite images to obtain geographic information and create accurate maps. However, how did people draw maps in ancient times without satellites?

Firstly, the ancients mainly relied on field surveys to draw maps. They would send out survey teams to conduct on-site inspections of the terrain and record geographic information such as mountains, rivers, and cities. Although this method was time-consuming and labor-intensive, it could obtain relatively accurate geographic information.

Secondly, the ancients would also use astronomical knowledge to draw maps. For example, they would determine the direction based on the position of the stars and measure the distance based on the length of the sun's shadow. Although this method was affected by weather and geographical environment, it was also an effective mapping tool when no other tools were available.

Thirdly, the ancients would also use mathematical knowledge to draw maps. For example, they would use scales to represent distances on maps and use coordinate systems to represent geographical locations. Although this method required a certain level of mathematical knowledge, it could improve the accuracy of the map.

Finally, the ancients would also use oral legends and documents to draw maps. They would collect various pieces of geographic information, combine their own observations and understandings, and create maps. Although there may be some deviations in this method, it was also an important mapping tool when lacking other information.

Overall, although the ancients did not have high-tech equipment such as satellites, they were able to draw relatively accurate maps through methods such as field surveys, astronomical observations, mathematical calculations, and literature research. This fully demonstrates the wisdom and courage of the ancients and provides important reference for our map production today.

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