Chang'an, as the capital of the Tang Dynasty, has experienced six painful sieges in history, and the emperor fled the city nine times. Why is Chang'an so easy to be captured? There are both geographical and military reasons, as well as political and economic factors. This article will delve into the reasons behind this historical phenomenon.

First, geographical factors: Chang'an is located in the Guanzhong Plain, surrounded by mountains on all sides, and the terrain is strategically advantageous. However, it is this terrain that makes Chang'an vulnerable to attacks from nomadic tribes in the northwest direction. At the same time, Chang'an is relatively close to the border, and once the border defense is breached, enemy troops can quickly arrive at the foot of Chang'an City.

Second, military factors: In the early Tang Dynasty, the military strength was powerful, but over time, the feudal lords' separatism severely weakened the military power of the central government. In addition, the eunuchs' monopoly of power in the later Tang Dynasty led to low morale and declining combat effectiveness of the army, making it unable to effectively resist foreign enemies.

Third, political factors: In the later Tang Dynasty, the imperial power gradually declined, and there were many internal conflicts in the court, and political corruption was severe. This made the country lack a unified resistance will and action when facing foreign enemy invasion.

Fourth, economic factors: With the continuation of the war, the national finance became increasingly difficult, and people's livelihood suffered. This made the country lack sufficient material reserves and difficulty in mobilizing public support when responding to foreign enemy invasion.

Despite the frequent sieges of Chang'an, the Tang Dynasty still left a glorious chapter in the long history of China. This is because the Tang Dynasty made remarkable achievements in culture, technology, economy, and other aspects, leaving valuable legacies for future generations.

In summary, the reason why Chang'an is easy to be captured is the result of the combined action of various factors. This history tells us that if a country wants to maintain prosperity and stability, it must always be alert to internal and external enemies, strengthen national defense construction, maintain political clarity, develop the economy, and improve people's living standards. Only by doing so can the country ensure long-term stability and prosperity.

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