In ancient Chinese poetry, it is a common phenomenon for poets to associate a certain emotion or scene with a specific season through delicate strokes and rich imagination. This association can be intuitive, metaphorical, or even symbolic. When we mention the line "The fragrance fills the sky and pervades Chang'an," we naturally ask: Is it describing autumn or spring?

Firstly, we need to clarify that this line is from the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu's poem "Autumn Eve." From the title, we can directly infer that this line depicts an autumn scene. However, this does not mean that we can easily equate "The fragrance fills the sky and pervades Chang'an" with autumn. In Chinese poetry, the depiction of seasons often goes beyond a direct description of natural scenery and reflects more on people's emotions and moods.

The literal meaning of "The fragrance fills the sky and pervades Chang'an" is that the intense aroma breaks through the sky and diffuses throughout the city of Chang'an. The "fragrance array" here can be understood as the unique scent of autumn chrysanthemums or the aroma of harvested rice in autumn. Either interpretation gives a sense of autumn. However, if we delve into the deeper meaning of this line, we will discover that it actually depicts the poet's inner feelings and emotions.

In "Autumn Eve," Du Mu uses the autumn scene as a backdrop to express his profound longing for his hometown and family. The line "The fragrance fills the sky and pervades Chang'an" is a concentrated expression of his inner emotions. Here, "The fragrance array that fills the sky" is not just a description of the autumn scene but also a symbol of the poet's inner feelings. It symbolizes the poet's deep longing for his hometown and family, a longing that is as intense as the fragrance that breaks through the sky and diffuses throughout the city of Chang'an.

Therefore, we can say that the line "The fragrance fills the sky and pervades Chang'an" not only depicts the autumn scene but also reflects the poet's inner emotions. It is both a literal description of autumn and a symbolic expression of the poet's emotions. This is the charm of Chinese poetry, which can reflect the poet's emotions and moods through the depiction of seasons, allowing readers to appreciate the beauty of the scenery while also feeling the poet's emotional world.

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