Yang Jian, also known as the Emperor Wen of Sui, is an important figure in Chinese history. He founded the Sui Dynasty, ended the divided situation that lasted for more than 300 years, and achieved the reunification of China. However, his life was not smooth sailing, and one of the most controversial decisions he made was to abolish the older prince and establish the younger one as the heir. So, why did Yang Jian stubbornly insist on abolishing the older prince and establishing the younger one as the heir?

Firstly, we need to understand that during Yang Jian's reign, he faced an extremely complex political environment. His father, Yang Zhong, was a senior official in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, but after Yang Zhong's death, Yang Jian's position was not stable. His brother, Yang Yong, was the crown prince of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and had a higher status than Yang Jian. However, Yang Yong had a bold and unrestrained personality, behaved improperly, and had tense relations with the powerful officials in the court. This made Yang Jian feel enormous pressure, and he had to take action to ensure his own status and safety.

Secondly, another important reason for Yang Jian's decision to abolish the older prince and establish the younger one as the heir was his trust and expectation in his son Yang Guang. Yang Guang was Yang Jian's second son, but he was smart and witty, and deeply loved by Yang Jian. Yang Jian believed that only Yang Guang could inherit his political career and achieve the great reunification of China. Therefore, he decided to abolish the older prince and establish the younger one as the heir, passing the throne to Yang Guang.

However, Yang Jian's decision did not receive support from everyone. Many powerful officials and nobles in the court opposed the abolition of the older prince and the establishment of the younger one as the heir, believing that it did not conform to traditional rules of throne succession and might cause chaos. But Yang Jian adhered to his decision and successfully passed the throne to Yang Guang.

Overall, the reasons for Yang Jian's decision to abolish the older prince and establish the younger one as the heir were multifaceted, including his consideration of his own status and safety, as well as his trust and expectation in his son Yang Guang. Although this decision caused a lot of controversy at that time, it also laid the foundation for the stability and development of the Sui Dynasty.

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