The Umayyad Caliphate was an important dynasty in the history of Islam, existing for approximately 133 years from 750 AD to 1258 AD. Although its territory was once vast, it ultimately fell. So, how large was the Umayyad Caliphate?

During the heyday of the Umayyad Caliphate, its territory encompassed Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and other regions, ruling over millions of people. Historical records indicate that the territory of the Umayyad Caliphate was approximately 4.4 million square kilometers, which is equivalent to the total area of countries such as India, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey, and Egypt today.

However, over time, the territory of the Umayyad Caliphate gradually shrunk. By the early 13th century, the rise of the Mongol Empire posed a serious challenge to the status of the Umayyad Caliphate. Ultimately, in 1258, the Mongol Empire invaded Baghdad, the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate, marking the end of this great dynasty.

Despite the fact that the territory of the Umayyad Caliphate is no longer as vast as it once was, its influence on the history and culture of Islam remains profound and widespread. The culture and art of the Umayyad Caliphate reached their peak, and many magnificent cities and buildings such as Basra, Damascus, and Baghdad were constructed. These legacies are not only important components of Islamic culture but also significant treasures in the history of human civilization.

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