In the ancient history of China, Wu Zetian became the only female emperor with her extraordinary political talent and wrist. However, the fate of her five sons mostly ended in tragedy, with only one of them enjoying a peaceful later life, while the endings of the other four sons were quite miserable.

Li Hong, the eldest son of Wu Zetian, was the fifth son of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi. He was born in 652 but unfortunately died young. According to some records, he died of illness. As the son of Wu Zetian, Li Hong may have also experienced complex palace intrigues, but his death was more likely due to illness than political reasons.

The fate of Li Xian, the second son, was even more tragic. He was forced to death by Wu Zetian. In the game of power, the relationship between Li Xian and Wu Zetian deteriorated, ultimately leading to his death. This incident reflected Wu Zetian's cruel choice to consolidate power and revealed the conflicts and rivalries within the royal family.

Li Xian, the third son, was twice crowned emperor, but ultimately died in the hands of his own wife. His fate was full of twists and turns, and his death once again proved the instability and danger within the royal family.

Li Dan, the fourth son, was also crowned emperor twice, but eventually abdicated in favor of his son Li Longji. Compared to his brothers, Li Dan's ability to voluntarily abdicate the throne showed a relatively smooth trajectory in his life.

There are relatively few historical records about Li Zhi, the youngest son, but according to the available information, he did not experience the tragic fate similar to his brothers. Protected by his mother Wu Zetian, he was able to enjoy a peaceful later life.

In summary, among Wu Zetian's five sons, apart from the youngest son Li Zhi who enjoyed a peaceful later life, the endings of the other four were all very sad. Their stories are not only tragedies of personal fate, but also a microcosm of political struggle and power transition in that era. These historical events remind us that even at the highest level of power, family ties and humanity can become casualties of power struggles.

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