The Twenty-four Heroes of Lingyan Pavilion were established by Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty during the Zhenguan era to commemorate the heroes of his time, with General Xu Maogong and General Cheng Yaojin both ranking among the renowned generals. However, the reasons behind Xu Maogong's relatively low ranking and Cheng Yaojin's exclusion from the list deserve further exploration.

Firstly, let's examine the situation of Xu Maogong. Xu Maogong, also known as Shi Jun, was a renowned general in the early Tang Dynasty, who had established illustrious military achievements during the establishment of the dynasty. Nevertheless, his low ranking in the Lingyan Pavilion might primarily be attributed to his humble background. Xu Maogong hailed from a humble family without the support of powerful clans. In the social environment of that time, the influence of aristocratic families was still significant, which to some extent affected Xu Maogong's status.

Next, we turn to the case of Cheng Yaojin. Cheng Yaojin, also known as Gong Yuan, was another renowned general in the early Tang Dynasty who excelled on the battlefield and achieved numerous military victories. Nevertheless, he was not included in the list of the Twenty-four Heroes of Lingyan Pavilion. Although historical records do not provide a clear explanation for this omission, we can speculate about the reasons based on certain clues.

Firstly, the selection criteria for the Twenty-four Heroes of Lingyan Pavilion were not solely based on military achievements but also encompassed contributions to the country's political, economic, and cultural aspects. Although Cheng Yaojin excelled on the battlefield, his contributions in other areas may have been relatively limited. Additionally, Cheng Yaojin suffered from Emperor Taizong's suspicions in his later years, which may have also impacted his evaluation.

Overall, the reasons for Xu Maogong's low ranking and Cheng Yaojin's exclusion from the Twenty-four Heroes of Lingyan Pavilion can be attributed to their respective backgrounds, social statuses, and relatively limited contributions in political, economic, and cultural aspects. These factors collectively influenced their positions in the Lingyan Pavilion. Nevertheless, this does not detract from the recognition and respect we hold for their significant contributions to Chinese history.

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