Keynesianism is one of the most important economic schools in the 20th century, and its emergence and development are closely related to the economic environment and social background of that time. This article will introduce the background of the emergence of Keynesianism from the following aspects.

Firstly, the impact of the Great Depression. The global economic crisis that occurred in 1929 brought severe economic and social problems to countries around the world. During the Great Depression, unemployment rates surged, businesses failed, and production declined, leading to social instability and political unrest. This economic crisis had a tremendous impact on the economic theories of the time and provided an opportunity for the emergence of Keynesianism.

Secondly, the transformation of economic theory. After the economic crisis, economists began to reflect on past economic theories and practices and explore new economic policies and theoretical frameworks. In this process, neoclassical economics was gradually replaced, and people began to re-examine Keynes' ideas and theories. Keynes' view of government intervention in the economy gained increasing recognition and support from economists.

Thirdly, the impact of war. During the Second World War, governments of various countries adopted a series of expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to meet the needs of the war, which further promoted the development and application of Keynesianism. Large-scale military spending and increased domestic production during the war required governments to take active measures to stimulate economic growth and employment. At the same time, the war also accelerated the development of technology and industry, providing a new practical foundation for Keynesian theory.

Fourthly, changes in political and social environments. In the process of post-war economic reconstruction, governments began to attach importance to economic and social development issues and adopted a series of policy measures to promote economic growth and social progress. These policy measures included expanding social security systems, strengthening education and cultural construction, etc. These changes also provided a broader social foundation and political support for the development and application of Keynesianism.

In conclusion, the emergence and development of Keynesianism are closely related to the economic environment and social background of the time. It reflects people's reflection on past economic theories and exploration of future economic development, providing important theoretical support and policy guidance for the development and practice of modern economics.

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