The Treaty of Chuanbi, also known as the Sino-Russian Boundary Treaty, is a boundary treaty signed by the Qing government and the Russian Empire on June 27, 1858. The treaty stipulates the boundary line between Northeast China and the Far East of Russia, as well as the rights and obligations of the two countries in the border areas.

Why is it called "Chuanbi"? According to legend, when Qing official Li Hongzhang and Russian representative Ivan Vasilievich Pavlov negotiated on the banks of the Amur River, Pavlov pointed to a ship on the river and said, "This is our ship, and we can cross this river to reach China." After hearing this, Li Hongzhang was furious, believing that this was the Russians' disrespect for China's territorial sovereignty, so he ordered the ship to be sunk. Later, both sides reached an agreement during the negotiations, but due to Li Hongzhang's angry mood, he named the treaty the "Treaty of Chuanbi" to express his dissatisfaction and anger towards the Russians.

However, in fact, "Chuanbi" does not refer to the sinking of a ship. In the context of the time, the term "Chuanbi" meant to pierce through the nose, which means that this treaty stipulated the boundary line between China and Russia as clearly and directly as piercing through the nose. Therefore, although the name sounds somewhat unfriendly, it does not actually demean any party.

In conclusion, the Treaty of Chuanbi was named as such because it clearly stipulated the boundary line between China and Russia, as directly and clearly as piercing through the nose. Although the name sounds somewhat unfriendly, it does not actually demean any party.

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