The Great Wall, one of the architectural wonders of the world, witnesses the wisdom and strength of the ancient Chinese working people with its unique appearance and structure. It stretches across mountains and rivers, enduring the vicissitudes of about two thousand years, still standing tall and becoming a symbol of the perseverance of the Chinese nation. From the outside, the Great Wall gives a magnificent impression. It is like a giant dragon, winding and extending over various terrains such as mountains, plains, and deserts. The height and width of the Great Wall vary according to the terrain and historical period. In mountainous areas, the Great Wall is often built along the mountains, reaching several meters in height, displaying a towering and magnificent atmosphere; while in the plains, it appears relatively shorter but equally sturdy and durable.

The structural design of the Great Wall is full of ingenuity. It mainly consists of city walls, watchtowers, passes, and beacon towers. The city wall is the main part of the Great Wall, usually built with bricks, adobe, and other materials. In the Ming Dynasty, the city walls adopted a more solid stone structure, making the Great Wall more durable. The watchtowers are buildings on the Great Wall used to observe the enemy and shoot at them. They are usually located at key positions on the walls, such as ridges and traffic arteries. The distance between watchtowers varies according to the terrain, but they are generally within each other's line of sight for mutual support. Passes are important passageways on the Great Wall, often located between mountains and valleys, making them easy to defend but difficult to attack. Inside the passes are facilities such as gates and barbican, which can control the entry and exit of personnel and prevent enemy breakthroughs. Beacon towers are signaling stations on the Great Wall used to transmit military information. They are usually built in high mountains or wilderness, with a spacing of about one to two kilometers. Once there is enemy activity, the beacon towers will ignite the beacon or beat the war drums to quickly transmit the information to the distant troops.

In addition, the Great Wall also reflects the geographical knowledge and military defense ideas of ancient Chinese people. During its construction, natural terrain and geological conditions such as mountain terrain and rivers were fully utilized. At the same time, the layout of the Great Wall also took into account the needs of actual combat, such as adding watchtowers and passes in critical sections to form a solid defense line. In conclusion, the Great Wall, with its magnificent appearance and exquisite structural design, demonstrates the wisdom and strength of ancient Chinese working people. It is not only a sturdy defensive fortification but also a symbol of the perseverance of the Chinese nation. Today, although the Great Wall has lost its original military function, it still attracts tourists from all over the world with its unique charm.

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