Guiguzi, a name filled with mysterious colors, is a controversial figure in Chinese history. Some believe that he was a real historical figure, a renowned politician, strategist, and educator during the Warring States period; while others maintain that he was a fictional legendary character, the embodiment of wisdom and ideals entrusted by later generations. So, was Guiguzi a real historical figure or a fictional legend? From historical records, it is evident that Guiguzi left a profound imprint during the Warring States period. He is hailed as the originator of the "horizontalists," the mentor of renowned horizontalists such as Su Qin and Zhang Yi. His teachings, spanning politics, military affairs, philosophy, and other domains, have had a profound impact on later generations. Guiguzi's work, "The Book of Guiguzi," is hailed as a "treasure trove of wisdom" and has become an integral part of traditional Chinese culture. However, there are no definitive records regarding Guiguzi's true identity and life story. Most of his images and stories originate from legends and literary works created by later generations, adding to the mystique and legend of Guiguzi. Therefore, some argue that Guiguzi is a fictional legendary figure, the embodiment of wisdom and ideals entrusted by later generations. Nevertheless, regardless of whether Guiguzi was a real historical figure or a fictional legend, his teachings and wisdom have had a profound impact on traditional Chinese culture. His thoughts not only served as an important guiding principle during the Warring States period, but have also been widely inherited and promoted in later generations. The image and stories of Guiguzi have become a part of Chinese culture, deeply ingrained in people's hearts. In conclusion, Guiguzi may be a real historical figure or a fictional legend. Nonetheless, he represents the essence of ancient Chinese wisdom and thought, an indispensable part of traditional Chinese culture. His stories and teachings will forever inspire later generations to pursue wisdom and truth.

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