In Chinese history, the power relations between the Wei, Shu, and Wu kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period were intricate and full of strategies and intrigues. As the founding emperor of the Wei Kingdom, Cao Pi's political measures after ascending the throne, especially the act of giving Sun Quan, the ruler of the Eastern Wu, the title of king, have garnered attention from later generations. So, why did Cao Pi grant Sun Quan the title of king after ascending the throne? What political considerations lay behind this decision?

First, we need to understand the international situation at that time. After Cao Pi became emperor, the power balance between the three kingdoms presented a delicate equilibrium. Although the Wei Kingdom was powerful, it faced pressure from the Shu and Wu kingdoms. In this situation, Cao Pi needed to stabilize the situation through diplomatic means to avoid the dilemma of fighting on two fronts. Giving Sun Quan the title of king can be seen as a conciliatory gesture of peaceful coexistence, aimed at easing tensions between the two sides.

Secondly, Cao Pi's decision to grant Sun Quan the title of king also had its domestic political considerations. At that time, there were still many unstable factors within the Wei Kingdom, such as the consolidation of imperial power and rebellions in various places. By granting Sun Quan the title of king, Cao Pi could demonstrate his leniency and magnanimity to both domestic and foreign audiences, enhancing his prestige, while also gaining time and space for domestic political rectification.

Furthermore, Cao Pi's granting of the kingly title to Sun Quan may also have been a recognition of Sun Quan's strength. Sun Quan's rule in the Jiangdong region was relatively stable, and he possessed a powerful military force. In this context, Cao Pi's act of granting the kingly title can be interpreted as a compromise and acknowledgment of reality, as well as an affirmation of Sun Quan's status.

However, Cao Pi's decision was not without risk. Granting Sun Quan the title of king might enhance the latter's status and confidence, thus intensifying competition between the two. Therefore, while granting the title, Cao Pi must have also taken precautions and preparations.

In summary, Cao Pi's decision to grant Sun Quan the title of king after becoming emperor was a complex political decision that encompassed both responses to external situations and domestic political considerations, as well as recognition and vigilance towards Sun Quan's strength. This event reflects the delicate power balance and mutual game-playing among the various warlords during the Three Kingdoms period. Through analyzing this historical event, we can gain a deeper understanding of the political complexity and the multifaceted characters of that era.

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