The Southern Song Dynasty, a dynasty in Chinese history, has a significant historical status and influence that cannot be ignored. The Revival of the Southern Song Dynasty specifically refers to the reign of Emperor Xiaozong Zhao Shen (1162-1189). With his wise rule, thriftiness, and emphasis on literature over martial arts, he helped the social and economic recovery and development of the Southern Song Dynasty, earning him the reputation of "the Revival of the Southern Song".

During this period, culture flourished, and scholars and writers gathered in great numbers. Among them, the most well-known are the "Four Greats of the Southern Song Dynasty," which includes Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, and You Mao.

Lu You, styled Wu Guan and known as Fang Weng, was a literary figure, historian, and patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. His poems and lyrics were exceptionally talented and widely circulated, with his most famous works being "Showing My Son" and "Feelings on a Cool Autumn Night Before Rising."

Yang Wanli, styled Ting Xiu and known as Cheng Zhai, was a renowned poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. His poetry style was fresh and natural, full of life, and was praised as "having pictures in his poetry".

Fan Chengda, styled Xi Wen and known as Shi Hu, was a prominent politician and literary figure of the Southern Song Dynasty. His poetry and lyrics were exceptionally talented, particularly in describing scenery and expressing emotions, with his representative work being "Shi Hu Poetry Collection".

You Mao, styled Gong Yuan and known as Qian Fu, was a renowned literary figure and calligrapher of the Southern Song Dynasty. His poetry and lyrics were exceptionally talented, particularly in describing scenery and expressing emotions, with his representative work being "Qian Fu Poetry Collection".

These four greats, with their exceptional talent in poetry and lyrics and widely circulated works, had a profound impact on future generations, earning them the reputation of "the Four Greats of the Southern Song Dynasty." Their emergence marked the prosperity and peak of Southern Song culture, as well as an important symbol of the Revival of the Southern Song.

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