In the long history of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei, as the founding emperor of Shu Han, lived a life full of ups and downs. His heyday was not when he became emperor, but after he conquered Jingzhou and Yizhou, especially during the period after the Battle of Red Cliff and before the Battle of Hanzhong. During this period, Liu Bei's territory covered multiple provinces and regions in today's China, and his influence extended throughout the upstream and midstream of the Yangtze River and its surrounding areas.

Liu Bei's political career began when he raised troops in Zhuo Jun to suppress the Huang Jin army, but it was only after he allied with Sun Quan to defeat Cao Cao after the Battle of Red Cliff that he truly entered his heyday. After the Battle of Red Cliff, Liu Bei seized the opportunity to occupy Jingzhou, which corresponds to parts of Hubei and Hunan provinces today. Jingzhou was not only a strategically important location but also a transportation hub connecting the north and the south, with significant military and economic value to Liu Bei.

Soon after, Liu Bei turned his sights to Yizhou (today's Sichuan Basin region), a fertile agricultural area and the foundation of Shu Han's establishment. Through a series of military operations and political maneuvers, Liu Bei ultimately gained control of Yizhou. The importance of Yizhou lay not only in its fertile land and rich resources but also in its strategic geographical location, surrounded by mountains on all sides, making it easy to defend but difficult to attack, providing Liu Bei with a relatively safe rear base.

In addition to Jingzhou and Yizhou, Liu Bei briefly controlled Hanzhong, a historically significant military fortress located in the southwestern part of Shaanxi province and the northwestern part of Hubei province today. The capture of Hanzhong marked the peak of Liu Bei's influence. However, due to his subsequent defeat at the Battle of Yiling, Liu Bei lost control of this region.

Under Liu Bei's rule, these regions were not only military strongholds but also economic and cultural centers. He implemented a series of political reforms in these areas, such as reducing taxes, encouraging agricultural production, and developing handicrafts and commerce. These policies helped restore social and economic order after the wars and laid the foundation for the stability and development of Shu Han.

Although Liu Bei's heyday was brief, his rule in these regions had a profound impact on later generations. His political philosophy and governance strategies, especially his emphasis on talent recruitment and appointment, provided valuable experience for the later Shu Han regime. At the same time, his governance in these regions also left a unique imprint on the development of China's regional culture.

In conclusion, the territorial holdings of Liu Bei during his heyday were mainly concentrated in today's Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, and parts of Shaanxi provinces. These regions were not only military key points but also important economic and cultural development zones. Liu Bei's governance in these regions not only demonstrated his military prowess but also reflected his political wisdom as a monarch. Although his rule ultimately did not last long, his achievements during this period undoubtedly left a profound imprint on Chinese history.

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