The Tang Dynasty, as a period of great prosperity in Chinese history, had a remarkable degree of openness that was unparalleled in the world at that time. This openness was not only reflected in the breadth and depth of external exchanges, but also in the inclusiveness and progressiveness of its internal policies. It was this spirit of openness that provided a solid foundation for the unification and prosperity of the Tang Dynasty.

First, in terms of external exchanges, the openness of the Tang Dynasty was unprecedented. The capital city of Chang'an became one of the largest international cities in the world at that time, attracting a large number of foreign merchants, scholars, and religious missionaries. The famous Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road were clear evidence of the Tang Dynasty's openness to the outside world, through which extensive exchanges were conducted with civilizations in Central Asia, West Asia, Southeast Asia, and even Africa. In addition, the Tang Dynasty implemented a lenient immigration policy, allowing foreigners to settle and trade within its borders, which greatly promoted cultural and technological exchanges.

Second, in terms of internal policies, the openness of the Tang Dynasty was also significant. The Tang Dynasty implemented a series of enlightened policies, such as abolishing the harsh hereditary system and adopting the imperial examination system to select officials. This broke the monopoly of the aristocracy on political power and gave more civilians the opportunity to enter the bureaucratic system. The openness of these policies not only promoted social mobility but also injected fresh blood into the unification and stability of the Tang Dynasty.

However, the openness of the Tang Dynasty was not unlimited. While maintaining national unity and social stability, the Tang government adopted a selective absorption strategy towards foreign cultures. For example, while the Tang Dynasty held a tolerant attitude towards foreign religions, it also strengthened the management of religious activities to prevent religious forces from expanding excessively and threatening national unity.

Overall, the degree of openness of the Tang Dynasty largely contributed to its unification and prosperity. This openness was reflected not only in the extensive and deep external exchanges but also in the inclusive and progressive internal policies. However, this openness was not unregulated indulgence but rather an orderly openness that prioritized maintaining national unity and social stability. By exploring the degree of openness of the Tang Dynasty, we can better understand the development of history and also draw lessons for the progress of modern society.

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