In 263 AD, the Shuhan Dynasty, which had lasted for more than 40 years, was declared extinct under the attack of the Wei army. As the monarch of this small country, what was the fate of Liu Shan, and what was he sealed by Sima Zhao? This article will explore the situation of Liu Shan after the fall of Shuhan and the specific details of his seal.

I. The Fall of Shuhan

During the long-term confrontation with the Cao Wei, the power of Shuhan gradually declined. When the Wei army led by Deng Ai invaded Chengdu, Shuhan had no choice but to surrender to spare the people from the suffering of war. Although this decision avoided more bloody conflicts, it also meant that Shuhan was officially coming to an end.

II. Liu Shan's Surrender and Title

According to historical records, after surrendering, Liu Shan was moved to Luoyang and received by Sima Zhao, the powerful minister of Cao Wei. In order to appease the people's hearts in the Bashu region and to demonstrate his magnanimity, Sima Zhao gave Liu Shan a certain degree of courtesy. Liu Shan was sealed as the Duke of Anle, given a residence and a certain amount of land, allowing him to spend the rest of his life in Luoyang.

III. The Life and Symbolic Meaning of the Duke of Anle

Although Liu Shan lost his identity as an emperor, as the Duke of Anle, his life was not treated harshly. This treatment reflected Sima Zhao's lenient policy towards the former emperor to some extent, and also aimed to show the civilization and benevolence of the new regime. Liu Shan's life in Luoyang was relatively calm until his death.

IV. Conclusion

The fall of Shuhan marked the beginning of the end of the situation of the Three Kingdoms. As the king of the fallen country, Liu Shan's personal fate reflected the characteristics of political changes in that era. Being sealed as the Duke of Anle was not only a practical arrangement but also a political symbol, showing the lenient attitude of the victor towards the defeated. By reviewing this period of history, we not only see the end of an era, but also witness the glorious side of humanity in history.

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