The number of female emperors in Chinese history has been a matter of great concern. According to historical records, a total of five women have ascended the throne to become female emperors in Chinese history.

The first is Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty, who became the first female emperor in Chinese history when she proclaimed herself emperor in 690 AD.

The second is Yuan Shi, the Empress Dowager Wenming of the Northern Wei Dynasty. She gained control of the government around 500 AD and was known as the "Empress Dowager". She proclaimed herself emperor in 510 AD and was later honored with the posthumous title of "Empress Wenming".

The third is Princess Gaoyang of the Tang Dynasty. She was ennobled as a "National Duke" during the reign of Emperor Tang Xuanzong, enjoying high honors and status. Later, she was ennobled as "Princess Taiping" and became an important ruler of the Tang Dynasty.

The fourth is Empress Xiaozhuang of the Ming Dynasty. She was the first queen of the Ming Dynasty and the only woman to be ennobled as "Empress Wenhuang".

The fifth is Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty. She gained control of the government in the late Qing Dynasty and interfered with politics multiple times, exerting profound influence. Although she never formally ascended the throne as emperor, her actual power and status were nonetheless significant.

It should be noted that the identity and status of some female rulers in Chinese history have not been fully confirmed and recorded, so this number may not be entirely accurate. Nevertheless, the emergence of these female rulers reflects the status and role of women in society at that time, which is of great significance for us to understand ancient Chinese society.

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