Hai Rui and Zhang Juzheng were two outstanding politicians in the mid-Ming Dynasty, representing different political factions and social classes. Although they held similar views on some issues, they differed greatly in other aspects. So why were Hai Rui and Zhang Juzheng incompatible with each other? The following will explore this from different perspectives.

I. Background Introduction

Hai Rui and Zhang Juzheng were two important politicians in the mid-Ming Dynasty, representing different political factions and social classes. Hai Rui was a politician who advocated for integrity, fairness, and morality, while Zhang Juzheng was a pragmatic and efficient politician who focused on practical results. Despite their similar views on some issues, they differed greatly in other areas.

II. Different Views of Hai Rui and Zhang Juzheng

1. Land System: Hai Rui advocated for the implementation of the "Equal Field System" to address the land issues of farmers, while Zhang Juzheng favored the "One Whip Method," which involved unified tax collection and strengthened management to increase national revenue.

2. Educational Reform: Hai Rui advocated for the establishment of schools to improve the cultural literacy of the people, while Zhang Juzheng believed that practicality and skill development should be prioritized rather than pure academic research.

3. Officer Selection: Hai Rui advocated for selecting talents based on moral character, opposing corruption, while Zhang Juzheng believed that ability and actual performance should be prioritized over pure moral evaluation.

III. Reasons for the Incompatibility of Hai Rui and Zhang Juzheng

Despite their similar views on some issues, Hai Rui and Zhang Juzheng differed greatly in other areas. The fundamental reason for this divide lies in their differing political positions and values. Hai Rui represented a political faction that advocated for integrity, fairness, and morality, while Zhang Juzheng represented a pragmatic and efficient faction that focused on practical results. Due to their differing political positions and values, it was difficult for them to reach consensus on some issues.

IV. Conclusion

Hai Rui and Zhang Juzheng were two outstanding politicians in the mid-Ming Dynasty who left profound impressions on history. Although they held similar views on some issues, they differed greatly in other aspects. The fundamental reason for this divide lies in their differing political positions and values.

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