The London smog incident, also known as the "Great Smog War", was a severe environmental disaster in British history. The incident occurred from December 5th to 8th, 1952, when London experienced several days of dense fog, leading to a sharp decline in air quality in the city and triggering a series of health issues and traffic paralysis. The causes of this incident mainly included the following aspects:

1. Industrial pollution: London was an industrial city at that time, with a large amount of waste gas and wastewater being discharged into the atmosphere and rivers, causing severe environmental pollution. These waste gas and wastewater contained a large number of harmful substances, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which formed a thick layer of smog in the air, making the air turbid and unclear.

2. Traffic emissions: The urban traffic in London was very congested, and the exhaust gas emitted by a large number of vehicles also exacerbated the air pollution in the city. These exhaust gases contained a large number of harmful substances, such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, which also formed a thick layer of smog in the air, making the air turbid and unclear.

3. Weather conditions: London was in winter at that time, with low temperatures and high humidity, which was conducive to the formation of dense fog weather. In addition, the meteorological forecasting system in London was not perfect at that time, unable to predict and warn of weather changes in time, which also laid hidden dangers for the occurrence of the accident.

4. Unreasonable urban planning: There were some problems in the urban planning of London at that time, such as excessively high building heights and narrow roads, which led to poor ventilation in the city, making the air circulation unsmooth and further aggravating the degree of air pollution.

In summary, the London smog incident was mainly caused by the combined effects of various factors such as industrial pollution, traffic emissions, weather conditions, and unreasonable urban planning at that time. This incident posed a huge health threat to Londoners, but it also prompted the British government to take a series of measures to improve the environment and protect public health.

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