The Northern and Southern Dynasties was a period of turbulence and change in Chinese history. This period was dominated by the rivalry between the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which ultimately ended under the unification of the Sui Dynasty. Today, we will explore the conqueror of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and their capitals.

Firstly, the conqueror of the Northern and Southern Dynasties was Emperor Yang Jian of the Sui Dynasty. In 581, he established the Sui Dynasty, ending the centuries-long division between the North and the South. Under his leadership, the Sui Dynasty successively defeated the Chen Dynasty in the South and the Qi Dynasty in the North, achieving the reunification of China.

Secondly, the capitals of the Southern Dynasties. The Southern Dynasties included the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties, with their capitals primarily located in Jiankang (today's Nanjing). As the political, economic, and cultural center of the Southern Dynasties, Jiankang witnessed the rise and fall of these dynasties.

Thirdly, the capitals of the Northern Dynasties. The Northern Dynasties primarily included the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Zhou dynasties. Their capitals were mostly located in Luoyang and Chang'an. Among them, Luoyang was the capital of the Northern Wei and Eastern Wei dynasties, while Chang'an served as the capital of the Western Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Zhou dynasties. These cities were not only political centers but also important venues for cultural exchanges.

In conclusion, the conqueror and capitals of the Northern and Southern Dynasties reflect the complexity and diversity of this period. The reunification of the Sui Dynasty ended the division of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, ushering in a new chapter in Chinese history. Meanwhile, Jiankang in the South, Luoyang and Chang'an in the North bear witness to the development and changes of this era. These historical traces have left deep imprints on the land of China.

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