In Chinese history, Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty was a remarkable female emperor. Her life was filled with legendary color, and there are also many legends and controversies surrounding her children. Today, we will explore whether Li Xian was the biological son of Wu Zetian and Li Zhi.

First, we need to understand the identity of Li Xian. Li Xian was the second son of Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi and Empress Wu Zetian, and his elder brother was Crown Prince Li Chengqian. In historical records, Li Xian has always been considered the biological son of Wu Zetian and Li Zhi. However, due to the complex struggles and power struggles in the ancient royal family, there are also some legends about Li Xian's origins.

One view holds that Li Xian was not the biological son of Wu Zetian and Li Zhi, but was adopted by Wu Zetian to consolidate her position. This claim is primarily based on a record in "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" (Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government): "Wu Zetian gave birth to two sons, the eldest was Chengqian, and the second was Xian." This record seems to imply that Li Xian was not Wu Zetian's biological son. However, this claim has not gained widespread acceptance due to a lack of direct historical evidence to support it.

Another view believes that Li Xian was indeed the biological son of Wu Zetian and Li Zhi. According to official historical records such as "Old Tang Book" and "New Tang Book," Li Xian was the second son of Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi and Empress Wu Zetian. These historical books were compiled based on official records and materials of that time, so they have a high degree of credibility.

In summary, although there are some legends and controversies surrounding Li Xian's origins, based on current historical data, Li Xian is more likely to be the biological son of Wu Zetian and Li Zhi. In historical research, we should approach various legends and controversies with an objective and rational attitude, respect historical facts, and seek the truth of history with a pragmatic spirit.

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