Throughout Chinese history, there have been numerous great figures whose decisions and actions have shaped the course of events. Among them, Zhuge Liang, the chancellor of Shu Han, stands out as a man of immense wisdom and foresight. His life is filled with legends, and his choices have always been puzzling. So, why did Zhuge Liang choose Liu Bei over Cao Cao?

Firstly, it's important to understand that Zhuge Liang was deeply influenced by Confucian scholarship and held "loyalty, filial piety, righteousness, and integrity" in high regard. In that era, loyalty was an extremely crucial virtue, and Liu Bei was a man of noble character and lofty ideals. His goal was to restore the Han dynasty's rule, which aligned with Zhuge Liang's aspirations. While Cao Cao was also a wise ruler, his aims were centered around personal power and status, which contradicted Zhuge Liang's values.

Secondly, Zhuge Liang regarded Liu Bei as a "benevolent and virtuous ruler." He saw Liu Bei as a person of noble character and lofty ideals. In contrast, Cao Cao, despite his wisdom, pursued his own power and status, which was contrary to Zhuge Liang's values.

Furthermore, Zhuge Liang chose Liu Bei because he saw his potential and possibilities. Despite his humble background, Liu Bei possessed a resilient spirit and noble qualities. He had extensive connections and a strong popular base, which were crucial factors in his emergence as a hero. In contrast, while Cao Cao possessed immense strength, his character and behavior made Zhuge Liang uneasy.

Lastly, Zhuge Liang's decision to follow Liu Bei was also influenced by his admiration for Liu Bei's perseverance and determination. Despite experiencing numerous difficulties and setbacks, Liu Bei never gave up on his ideals and beliefs. His resilience and perseverance deeply moved Zhuge Liang, leading him to decide to follow Liu Bei.

In summary, Zhuge Liang chose Liu Bei based on their shared values, his assessment of Liu Bei's character, his recognition of Liu Bei's potential and possibilities, and his admiration for Liu Bei's perseverance and determination. This was a well-thought-out decision and a choice filled with wisdom.

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