In the long history, many figures and events have left numerous mysteries, among which the relationship between Lady Xinzhui and Li Cang is one of them. Lady Xinzhui, the wife of Li Cang, the prime minister of Changsha Kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty, has always been a focus of study by historians. So, was Lady Xinzhui Li Cang's concubine or his wife? This question involves the marriage system and patriarchal concepts of ancient society, worthy of our in-depth exploration. Firstly, we need to understand the social background of that time. During the Western Han Dynasty, the marriage system of feudal society had already matured, with a strict hierarchical division between wives and concubines. The wife was the legitimate spouse, while the concubine was a side room with a lower status. From the cultural relics and historical materials excavated so far, it seems that Lady Xinzhui was Li Cang's legitimate wife, rather than a concubine.

Firstly, judging from the scale of the tomb and the funeral objects, Lady Xinzhui's tomb was of a high specification with diverse funeral objects, reflecting her high status. If she were a concubine, the scale of her tomb would have been relatively low. Secondly, from the geographical location of the tomb, Lady Xinzhui's tomb is located in the central position of the Li Cang family cemetery, also suggesting her important position in the family. If she were a concubine, her tomb's location would have been more remote. In addition, according to historical records, both the "Records of the Grand Historian" and the "History of the Han Dynasty" have records of the Li Cang family, but they did not explicitly mention that Lady Xinzhui was a concubine. On the contrary, these historical materials emphasized more on the prominent status and wealth of the Li Cang family, as well as Lady Xinzhui's important role in it.

In summary, although historical records do not explicitly state whether Lady Xinzhui was Li Cang's concubine, from the scale of the tomb, its geographical location, and historical records, it is more likely that Lady Xinzhui was Li Cang's legitimate wife, rather than a concubine. Of course, as history is long gone, many details cannot be verified, and we can only speculate based on the existing evidence. Nevertheless, the relationship between Lady Xinzhui and Li Cang reflects the patriarchal concepts and marriage system of that time, worthy of our in-depth study and discussion.

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